How Long Does It Take For Glycolic Acid To Absorb Into The Skin

"Applying 15% Vitamin C for three sequent days creates a reservoir outcome in the peel."

Firstly, I want to remind y'all that this written report was washed on pig skin – not humans. The way that ascorbic acid is stored and metabolized in sus scrofa skin may vary from man skin.

Most animals, like pigs, are able to synthesize their own ascorbic acrid from glucose, just humans cannot. It's possible that this data from pigs will be similar to homo data, but information technology's also very possible that information technology won't be. Neither has been proven nevertheless. Presenting an assumption every bit truth is misleading – but oftentimes done in marketing.

I besides want to remind you that the way that the ascorbic acid was practical to the skin was not the same way that we apply our skincare. In these experiments, the ascorbic acrid solution was practical with a Hill Top Chamber, which occludes the skin, reducing evaporation and theoretically enhancing skin penetration.

For this part of the experiment, Pinnell and his group applied a 15% ascorbic acid solution at pH iii.2 to sus scrofa pare for 5 days with a Colina Top Chamber. Afterwards the 5th day, application of the ascorbic acrid was stopped and ascorbic acid levels in the skin were monitored for an additional 5 days.

Later on the 3rd day of application of the ascorbic acid serum, the ascorbic acrid levels in the skin do appear to reach a summit around 1100 pmol/mg. The divergence around the mean does appear to be reducing with each further mean solar day between the 3 subject field pigs.

Nosotros practise need to consider if this theoretical peak amount of ascorbic acid is reached in existent-life situations. The living weather condition of the pigs in the written report were non described, so it's possible that they were not exposed to natural daylight. It's understood that UV exposure reduces the amount of ascorbic acid in the skin. UV increases the production of gratuitous radicals in the skin, and ascorbic acid is office of the natural antioxidants in the skin which aid neutralize these complimentary radicals.

In an experiment using human skin models, it was institute that exposure to 16.9 joules/cm² (Nearly 12 minimal erythemal dose equivalent) of UV reduced ascorbic acrid levels in the skin model by almost ⅓. This was a college amount of UV exposure the experimenters expected, they were also unable to detect dehydroascorbic acid in the skin. The written report does have some issues which "may be explained past the high levels of ascorbate present in the [tissue] medium…added by the manufacturer to increase collagen synthesis".

"Vitamin C remains in the skin for iii-four days and doesn't launder out"

This marketing claim may exist due to some confusion of the term "washout". In drug experiments a "washout menstruum" refers to the period of time when treatment is stopped, it does not necessarily mean that the skin is washed out.

After applying the 15% ascorbic acrid solution to the sus scrofa pare, they discontinued awarding and monitored ascorbic acid levels in the skin. Unfortunately, the methodology in this portion of the experiment isn't explicitly described. It is unclear, for example, if the squealer'south skin was done each twenty-four hour period. The washing procedure is described as "…at the cease of the experiment, the formulation was washed vigorously from the skin with water."

Because most of the states use surfactant based cleansers to wash our skin, this data may non exist equally applicative every bit the squealer's skin was done with simply h2o. Notwithstanding, the pig'due south skin was removed of stratum corneum earlier ascorbic acid measurement and the lower layers of pare are probable less affected past the washing and surfactant based-cleanser.

Based on this data, the half-life (the amount of time it takes for the detected ascorbic acid levels to drib by half) was estimated at around 4 days. Simply as mentioned higher up, it's unclear what the living atmospheric condition of the pigs were and whether or not they were exposed to sunlight which reduces antioxidant levels in the pare.

Tin can Vitamin C derivatives increase levels of Vitamin C in skin?

The last portion of the Pinnell experiment looked at whether or not the topical application of Vitamin C derivatives could increase levels of Vitamin C as ascorbic acid in pig skin.

For 24 hours, solutions of dehydroascorbic acid, 10% ascorbyl-6-palmitate, 12% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and xv% ascorbic acid were applied to grunter skin. Compared to command, but the xv% ascorbic acid solution created a statistically significant increase in ascorbic acid levels in the peel.

For the derivatives, there was no statistically meaning difference between the application of the derivative and control (no application of derivatives or Vitamin C) – which implicates that, at least for squealer pare, these specific derivatives do not catechumen to Vitamin C.

For the solutions of dehydroascorbic acid, pig southwardkin levels of ascorbic acrid were 7.51 ± three.34 pmol/mg for xx mM dehydroascorbic acid and 8.lxx ± 2.xiii pmol/mg for one M dehydroascorbic acid. Where no dehydroascorbic acid was applied levels of ascorbic acid were 9.24 ± three.55 pmol/mg.

In determination…

It surprises me how influential this i study on ascorbic acrid applied to squealer skin has go in terms of marketing language for brands.

Fifty-fifty later studies with Dr. Pinnell as an author leave out that the data are collected from grunter pare, "Following topical application, once the skin is saturated with L-ascorbic acid, it remains with a half-life of about 4 d (Pinnell et al, 2001)."

While this experiment is some of the best information we have in terms of ascorbic acid penetration based on conception, the fundamental betoken to recall is that human skin cannot be causeless to deport the aforementioned every bit pig skin.

And then if yous meet a claim similar to "xv% Vitamin C at pH 3.5 is the most effective concentration", delight imagine me abreast you whispering "…for pigs".

Edit: An fault was fabricated in the original version published, pigs can synthesize Vitamin C from glucose, but humans can not. Guinea pigs likewise cannot synthesize their ain Vitamin C.

Edit: An error was made in the original version published, pmmol was corrected to pmol.

Source: Pinnell, S. R., Yang, H. , Omar, M. , Riviere, N. M., DeBuys, H. V., Walker, 50. C., Wang, Y. and Levine, M. (2001), Topical L‐Ascorbic Acrid: Percutaneous Absorption Studies. Dermatologic Surgery, 27: 137-142. DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2001.00264.ten

Podda, M., Traber, M.Thou., Weber, C., Yan, 50., Packer, L. (1998), UV-Irradiation Depletes Antioxidants and Causes Oxidative Damage in a Model of Human Pare, Costless Radical Biology and Medicine, 24: 55-65. DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00142-ane

Source: https://www.kindofstephen.com/skin-penetration-of-ascorbic-acid-part-ii/

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